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{"sheet":"(2)","index":0,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":11,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Point of view:","Manager of auto dealership"]
["Considering:","New Bonus Plan"]
["Goal:","Increase Sales Volume",null,null,null,"> points ====>>> one-tail to Right"]
["Mew Sales Volume =",14,"autos sold per 1 month"]
["Conduct Research Study to:","see whether bonus plan can increase sales volume",null,null,null,"> points ====>>> one-tail to Right"]
[]
["a","H0 : μ"," <=",{"$f":"$B$4","v":14},{"$f":"$C$4","v":"autos sold per 1 month"}]
[null,"Ha : μ"," >",{"$f":"$B$4","v":14},{"$f":"$C$4","v":"autos sold per 1 month"},"> points ====>>> one-tail to Right"]
[]
["b","Based on the sample evidence, we fail to reject H0. There is no statistical evidence that the new bonus plan will increase sales volume."]
["c","Based on the sample evidence, we reject H0 and accept Ha. There is statistical evidence that the new bonus plan will increase sales volume.\nThe research hypothesis that μ  >  14 is supported.  Based on our Sample Evidence, we can conclude that the new bonus plan increases the mean sales volume."]

{"sheet":"(3)","index":1,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":11,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["NOTE: <> means \"Not Equal To\""]
["Point of view:","Manufacturer filling boxes"]
["Considering:","under filling and over filling",null,null,null,null,"Either side of Mew, so this is a Two-Tail Test"]
["Goal:","Adjust filling equipment if necessary"]
["Mew Weight =",32,"oz."]
[]
["a","H0 : μ"," =",{"$f":"$B$5","v":32},{"$f":"$C$5","v":"oz."},null,"Note: To type an equal sign in a cell, type a space as the first"]
[null,"Ha : μ"," <>",{"$f":"$B$5","v":32},{"$f":"$C$5","v":"oz."},null,"character and then type = sign, or use a lead apostrophe like: '"]
[]
["b","Based on the sample evidence, we fail to reject H0. The statistical evidence suggests that machine is filling properly."]
["c","Based on the sample evidence, we reject H0 and accept Ha. The statistical evidence suggests that machine is NOT filling properly and we should shut down the machine and make adjustments so that it is filling correctly.."]

{"sheet":"(4)","index":2,"n_rows":10,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":10,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Point of view:","Manager trying to reduce costs by implementing a new manufacturing method",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"< points  <<<===== one-tail to Left"]
["Considering:","New manufacturing method that will attempt to reduce costs",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"< points  <<<===== one-tail to Left"]
["Goal:","Reduce costs",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"< points  <<<===== one-tail to Left"]
["Mew Cost =",220,"costs per hour"]
[]
["a","H0 : μ"," >=",{"$f":"$B$4","v":220},{"$f":"$C$4","v":"costs per hour"}]
[null,"Ha : μ"," <",{"$f":"$B$4","v":220},{"$f":"$C$4","v":"costs per hour"}]
[]
["b","Based on the sample evidence, we fail to reject H0. The statistical evidence suggests that the new method will not save on costs."]
["c","Based on the sample evidence, we reject H0 and accept Ha. The statistical evidence suggests that the new method WILL save on costs. The New Method should be considered."]

{"sheet":"alpha","index":3,"n_rows":18,"n_cols":4,"rows_kept":18,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,0,6,0],[12,0,13,0]]}
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Actual Population Condition"]
[null,null,"H0 TRUE   (Ha FALSE)","H0 FALSE (Ha TRUE)"]
["Conclusion (based on Sample)","Reject H0 ,\nAccept Ha","Type I Error\nAlpha","Correct Conclusion"]
[null,"Fail To Reject H0","Correct Conclusion","Type II Error\nBeta"]
[]
[]
["Other Wording:"]
[null,null,"Actual Population Condition"]
[null,null,"H0 TRUE   (Ha FALSE)","H0 FALSE (Ha TRUE)"]
["Conclusion (based on Sample)","Reject H0 ,Accept Ha","Type I Error\nAlpha (Level of Significance)\n\"False Positive\"","Correct Conclusion\n\"True Positive\""]
[null,"Fail To Reject H0","Correct Conclusion\n\"True Negative\"","Type II Error\nBeta\n\"False Negative\""]
[]
["False Positive: Our Alternative (Ha) was selected even though the Null (H0) was true."]
[]
["False Negative: Our Alternative (Ha) was not selected even though the Null (H0) was false."]

{"sheet":"(5)","index":4,"n_rows":22,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":22,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Assumed Mew:",{"$f":"\"Young men in USA watch \"&B2&\" of prime-time TV each day.\"","v":"Young men in USA watch 56.2 of prime-time TV each day."}]
["Assumed Mew:",56.2,"minutes"]
["Alternative:","Researcher believes that German young men watch more",null,null,null,null,null,"1-tail to Right >>>>>>>"]
[null,"prime-time TV each day."]
["Sample of daily prime-time TV watch time for German young men is taken"]
[]
[null,"H0 : μ"," <=",{"$f":"$B$2","v":56.2},{"$f":"$C$2","v":"minutes"}]
[null,"Ha : μ"," >",{"$f":"$B$2","v":56.2},{"$f":"$C$2","v":"minutes"}]
[]
["a","Type 1 Error means that H0 is rejected when it is true (\"Innocent, but found guilty\").",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Positive: Our Alternative was accepted even though the Null was true"]
[null,"Type 1 Error in this case means that we would get a sample Xbar in the upper alpha"]
[null,"region that was a real sample Xbar that had many large values and thus was a true"]
[null,"sampling error, even though the German young man prime-time TV watching time"]
[null,"was 56.2 minutes."]
[null,"Type 1 Error means that the hypothesis test concluded that the mean German young"]
[null,"man prime-time TV watching time was greater than 56.2 minutes, when in fact it was"]
[null,"not greater than 56.2 minutes "]
["b","Type 2 Error means that we fail to reject H0 when H0 is false (and Ha was true).",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Negative: Our Alternative was not accepted, even though Null was false."]
[null,"Type 2 error means that we got an Xbar below the upper alpha area and that our"]
[null,"sample randomly pulled too many small values."]
[null,"Type 2 Error in this case means that we say that the mew is not bigger than 56.2"]
[null,"minutes when it actually is bigger than 56.2 minutes."]

{"sheet":"(6)","index":5,"n_rows":17,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":17,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Mew =",1,"gram","of fat per 3-quart container"]
["Assume that since they did not say they were the"]
["manufacturer, that your point of view is the consumer and"]
["what you care about if  there were more than 1 gram of fat.",null,null,null,null,null," >>>>>>>>> 1-tail to right"]
[]
["a","H0 : μ"," <=",{"$f":"$B$1","v":1},{"$f":"$C$1&\" \"&$D$1","v":"gram of fat per 3-quart container"},null,null," >>>>>>>>> 1-tail to right"]
[null,"Ha : μ"," >",{"$f":"$B$1","v":1},{"$f":"$C$1&\" \"&$D$1","v":"gram of fat per 3-quart container"}]
[]
["b","Type 1 Error means that we rejected H0 when it was true. We said there"]
[null,"was more than 1 gram of fat per 3-quart container, when there was not"]
[null,"more than 1 gram of fat per 3-quart container. Consequences: We say"]
[null,"label is not correct, when it really is."]
[]
[]
["c","Type 2 Error means that we failed to reject the label's claim, even though"]
[null,"there more than 1 gram of fat per 3-quart container. Consequences: We"]
[null,"miss the fact that the label is not correct."]

{"sheet":"(7)","index":6,"n_rows":18,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":18,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Mew =",8000,"sales","per week"]
["Research hopes to show that new compensation plan increases the average sales per person."]
[]
[]
[]
["a","H0 : μ"," <=",{"$f":"$B$1","v":8000},{"$f":"$C$1&\" \"&$D$1","v":"sales per week"},null,null," >>>>>>>>> 1-tail to right"]
[null,"Ha : μ"," >",{"$f":"$B$1","v":8000},{"$f":"$C$1&\" \"&$D$1","v":"sales per week"}]
[]
["b","Type 1 Error is when you reject H0 when it is true. In this case, we would"]
[null,"accept that the \"new compensation plan increases the average sales per"]
[null,"person\", when it does not. The consequences are that we would be using"]
[null,"a new plan that did not increase ave. sales."]
[]
[]
["c","Type 2 error is when we Fail to reject H0, when it is false. Or said a"]
[null,"different way, we do not accept the alternative hypothesis, when it is"]
[null,"true. In this case, we would not accept the new compensation plan when"]
[null,"in fact it would help increase ave. sales."]

{"sheet":"(8)","index":7,"n_rows":17,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":17,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Point of view:","Manager trying to reduce costs by implementing a new production method",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"< points  <<<===== one-tail to Left"]
["Considering:","New production method that will attempt to reduce costs",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"< points  <<<===== one-tail to Left"]
["Goal:","Reduce costs",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"< points  <<<===== one-tail to Left"]
["Mew Cost =",220,"costs per hour"]
[]
["a","H0 : μ"," >=",{"$f":"$B$4","v":220},{"$f":"$C$4","v":"costs per hour"}]
[null,"Ha : μ"," <",{"$f":"$B$4","v":220},{"$f":"$C$4","v":"costs per hour"}]
[]
["b","Type 1 Error means that we reject H0 when it is true. We would accept"]
[null,"Mew < $220, when it was not. In this case we would employ a new"]
[null,"production method that would not reduce costs. The consequences would"]
[null,"be that we spent money to employ a new method that did not reduce costs"]
[]
["c","Type 2 Error means that we do not accept Ha even though H0 was false."]
[null,"We would fail to reject H0 and not accept the lower cost method"]
[null,"hypothesis of Mew < $220. The consequences would be that we would not"]
[null,"employ a new method that could reduce costs."]

{"sheet":"(15)","index":8,"n_rows":52,"n_cols":14,"rows_kept":52,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Mew = population mean = μ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Left"]
["Sigma = population standard deviation = s",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Right"]
["Standard Error = Standard Deviation for the Sampling distribution of Xbar = SE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Two Tail"]
["Hypothesized Value of Population Mean = μ0 = Assumed Value of Population Mean used for testing procedure"]
["sample size = n"]
["Sample Mean = Xbar"]
["Sample Standard Deviation (for when sigma not known) = s"]
["Alpha = a = Risk of rejecting H0 when it is actually true = Type 1 Error"]
["Test Statistic = Used to determine whether to reject H0 and accept Ha = Number of SE above or below hypothesized mean"]
["Use z test statistic if Sigma known or can be estimated, or you are significance Testing a Proportion al all 4 binomial tests have been met"]
["Use t test statistic if Sigma NOT known or can be estimated"]
[]
["Hypothesis Test (Significance Test)"]
["Point of view:","Researcher believes people wait till last minute because they get a smaller refund. Try to show refund amount less for last minute tax filers"]
["Considering:","Population of last minute filers (April 10 - 15)"]
["Goal:","Researcher believes people who file in last 5 days receive lower refunds",null,null,null,null,null,null," <<<< ==== One Tail to left"]
[]
["Step 1: List H0 and Ha","H0 : μ"," >=",{"$f":"$B$24","v":1056}]
[null,"Ha : μ"," <",{"$f":"$B$24","v":1056}]
[]
["Step 2: Select Alpha","Alpha =",{"$f":"B30","v":0.05}]
[]
["Step 3: Draw Picture, Collect Data, Calculate Sample Statistics, Calculate Test Statistic"]
["Hypothesized Mean = μ0 =",1056,"average $ tax refund for filers before March 31"]
["Sigma = s =",1600]
["Sample SD = s","NA"]
["Test Statistic To Use:","z",null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\"Because Sigma Known\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"Because Sigma NOT Known\",\"Please Enter a z or t\")))","v":"Because Sigma Known"}]
["sample size = n",400,"refund amount for people who file between April 10 and 15."]
["Sample Mean = Xbar",910]
["Alpha = a =",0.05]
["Type of Test","One Tail To Left"]
["SE",{"$f":"B25/SQRT(B28)","v":80},null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\" =Sigma/SQRT(n)\",IF(B27=\"t\",\" =s/SQRT(n)\",IF(OR(B27<>\"z\",B27<>\"t\"),\".\"))))","v":" =Sigma/SQRT(n)"}]
[{"$f":"\"Test Statistic = \"&IF(B27=\"z\",\"z\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"t\",\"\"))&\" =\"","v":"Test Statistic = z ="},{"$f":"($B$29-$B$24)/$B$32","v":-1.825},null," =(Xbar - μ0)/SE",null,"Sample Error in numerator, Standard Deviations in Denominator = \"How Many SD above or below Hypothesized Pop Mean"]
[]
["Step 4: Create p-value Rejection Rule and calculate p-value"]
["Rejection Rule:","p-value <= alpha, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["p-value One Tail To Left",{"$f":"_xlfn.NORM.S.DIST(B33,1)","v":3.4000514669822422E-2},null,null,null," =NORM.S.DIST(TestStatistic,1)"]
[]
["Step 4: Calculate Critical Value and Critical Value Rejection Rule"]
["Rejection Rule:","Test Statistic <= Critical Value, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["Critical Value One Tail To Left",{"$f":"_xlfn.NORM.S.INV(B30)","v":-1.6448536269514726},null,null,null," =NORM.S.INV(alpha)"]
[]
[]
["Step 5: Write Conclusion"]
[{"$f":"\"Because the p-value of \"&ROUND(B37,4)&\" is less than our alpha \"&B30&\" we reject the H0 and accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the p-value of 0.034 is less than our alpha 0.05 we reject the H0 and accept Ha."}]
[{"$f":"\"Because the Test Statistic of \"&ROUND(B33,3)&\" is less than or equal to our Critical Value of \"&ROUND(B41,3)&\" we reject the H0 and accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the Test Statistic of -1.825 is less than or equal to our Critical Value of -1.645 we reject the H0 and accept Ha."}]
[{"$f":"\"The sample evidence suggests that the average refund amount for 'last minute' filers is less than \"&DOLLAR(B24,0)&\".\"","v":"The sample evidence suggests that the average refund amount for 'last minute' filers is less than $1,056."}]
[{"$f":"\"At an alpha risk of \"&B30&\", our sample mean of \"&DOLLAR(B29,0)&\" provided statistically significant evidence to suggest\"","v":"At an alpha risk of 0.05, our sample mean of $910 provided statistically significant evidence to suggest"}]
[{"$f":"\"that the average refund amount for 'last minute' filers is less than \"&DOLLAR(B24,0)&\".\"","v":"that the average refund amount for 'last minute' filers is less than $1,056."}]
[{"$f":"\"We do run risk of the type 1 Error where we might dispense information that says that the sample\"","v":"We do run risk of the type 1 Error where we might dispense information that says that the sample"},null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Positive, we took alternative even when null was true."]
[{"$f":"\"mean is less than \"&DOLLAR(B24,0)&\" when it is not.\"","v":"mean is less than $1,056 when it is not."}]
[{"$f":"\"We do run risk of the type 2 Error where we might say it is not less than \"&DOLLAR(B24,0)&\", even though it is.\"","v":"We do run risk of the type 2 Error where we might say it is not less than $1,056, even though it is."},null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Negative, we rejected the alternative even though null was false."]

{"sheet":"(16)","index":9,"n_rows":50,"n_cols":14,"rows_kept":50,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Mew = population mean = μ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Left"]
["Sigma = population standard deviation = s",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Right"]
["Standard Error = Standard Deviation for the Sampling distribution of Xbar = SE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Two Tail"]
["Hypothesized Value of Population Mean = μ0 = Assumed Value of Population Mean used for testing procedure"]
["sample size = n"]
["Sample Mean = Xbar"]
["Sample Standard Deviation (for when sigma not known) = s"]
["Alpha = a = Risk of rejecting H0 when it is actually true = Type 1 Error"]
["Test Statistic = Used to determine whether to reject H0 and accept Ha = Number of SE above or below hypothesized mean"]
["Use z test statistic if Sigma known or can be estimated, or you are significance Testing a Proportion al all 4 binomial tests have been met"]
["Use t test statistic if Sigma NOT known or can be estimated"]
[]
["Hypothesis Test (Significance Test)"]
["Point of view:","Researcher"]
["Considering:","Have credit Card Balances for undergraduates continued to increase"]
["Goal:","Have credit Card Balances for undergraduates continued to increase",null,null,null,null,null," ===>>>>> One Tail To Right"]
[]
["Step 1: List H0 and Ha","H0 : μ"," <=",{"$f":"$B$24","v":3173}]
[null,"Ha : μ"," >",{"$f":"$B$24","v":3173}]
[]
["Step 2: Select Alpha","Alpha =",0.05]
[]
["Step 3: Draw Picture, Collect Data, Calculate Sample Statistics, Calculate Test Statistic"]
["Hypothesized Mean = μ0 =",3173,"Credit Card Balance for Undergraduate Students"]
["Sigma = s =",1000]
["Sample SD = s","NA"]
["Test Statistic To Use:","z",null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\"Because Sigma Known\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"Because Sigma NOT Known\",\"Please Enter a z or t\")))","v":"Because Sigma Known"}]
["sample size = n",180]
["Sample Mean = Xbar",3325]
["Alpha = a =",{"$f":"C21","v":0.05}]
["Type of Test","One Tail To Right"]
["SE",{"$f":"B25/SQRT(B28)","v":74.535599249992984},null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\" =Sigma/SQRT(n)\",IF(B27=\"t\",\" =s/SQRT(n)\",IF(OR(B27<>\"z\",B27<>\"t\"),\".\"))))","v":" =Sigma/SQRT(n)"}]
[{"$f":"\"Test Statistic = \"&IF(B27=\"z\",\"z\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"t\",\"\"))&\" =\"","v":"Test Statistic = z ="},{"$f":"(B29-B24)/B32","v":2.0392939954798082},null," =(Xbar - μ0)/SE",null,"Sample Error in numerator, Standard Deviations in Denominator = \"How Many SD above or below Hypothesized Pop Mean"]
[]
["Step 4: Create p-value Rejection Rule and calculate p-value"]
["Rejection Rule:","p-value <= alpha, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["p-value One Tail To Right",{"$f":"1-_xlfn.NORM.S.DIST(B33,1)","v":2.0710347281276409E-2},null,null,null,"  =1-NORM.S.DIST(TestStatistic,1)"]
[]
["Step 4: Calculate Critical Value and Critical Value Rejection Rule"]
["Rejection Rule:","Test Statistic >= Critical Value, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["Critical Value One Tail To Right",{"$f":"_xlfn.NORM.S.INV(1-B30)","v":1.6448536269514715},null,null,null," =NORM.S.INV(1-alpha)"]
[]
[]
["Step 5: Write Conclusion"]
[{"$f":"\"Because the p-value of \"&ROUND(B37,4)&\" is less than our alpha \"&B30&\" we reject the H0 and accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the p-value of 0.0207 is less than our alpha 0.05 we reject the H0 and accept Ha."}]
[{"$f":"\"Because the Test Statistic of \"&ROUND(B33,3)&\" is greater than or equal to our Critical Value of \"&ROUND(B41,3)&\" we reject the H0 and accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the Test Statistic of 2.039 is greater than or equal to our Critical Value of 1.645 we reject the H0 and accept Ha."}]
[{"$f":"\"The sample evidence suggests that since April 2009, the mean Credit Card Balance for Undergraduate Students has increased above \"&DOLLAR(B24,0)&\".\"","v":"The sample evidence suggests that since April 2009, the mean Credit Card Balance for Undergraduate Students has increased above $3,173."}]
[{"$f":"\"At an alpha risk of \"&B30&\", our sample mean of \"&DOLLAR(B29,0)&\" provided statistically significant evidence to suggest\"","v":"At an alpha risk of 0.05, our sample mean of $3,325 provided statistically significant evidence to suggest"}]
[{"$f":"\"that the mean Credit Card Balance for Undergraduate Students is more than \"&DOLLAR(B24,0)&\".\"","v":"that the mean Credit Card Balance for Undergraduate Students is more than $3,173."}]
["We did have the Type 1 Error risk of saying that the balance has increased, when in fact it has not.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Positive: Select Ha, when H0 was true. H0 was innocent, but we said it was guilty."]

{"sheet":"(17)","index":10,"n_rows":50,"n_cols":14,"rows_kept":50,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Mew = population mean = μ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Left"]
["Sigma = population standard deviation = s",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Right"]
["Standard Error = Standard Deviation for the Sampling distribution of Xbar = SE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Two Tail"]
["Hypothesized Value of Population Mean = μ0 = Assumed Value of Population Mean used for testing procedure"]
["sample size = n"]
["Sample Mean = Xbar"]
["Sample Standard Deviation (for when sigma not known) = s"]
["Alpha = a = Risk of rejecting H0 when it is actually true = Type 1 Error"]
["Test Statistic = Used to determine whether to reject H0 and accept Ha = Number of SE above or below hypothesized mean"]
["Use z test statistic if Sigma known or can be estimated, or you are significance Testing a Proportion al all 4 binomial tests have been met"]
["Use t test statistic if Sigma NOT known or can be estimated"]
[]
["Hypothesis Test (Significance Test)"]
["Point of view:","Jones & Ryan Securities Firm"]
["Considering:","See whether the mean year end bonus is different from the reported mean of $125,001"]
["Goal:","See whether the mean year end bonus is different from the reported mean of $125,000"]
[]
["Step 1: List H0 and Ha","H0 : μ"," =",{"$f":"$B$24","v":125500}]
[null,"Ha : μ"," <>",{"$f":"$B$24","v":125500},null,"Not Equal to is <>"]
[]
["Step 2: Select Alpha","Alpha =",0.05]
[]
["Step 3: Draw Picture, Collect Data, Calculate Sample Statistics, Calculate Test Statistic"]
["Hypothesized Mean = μ0 =",125500,"Wall Street Year End Bonuses Paid Out for 2005"]
["Sigma = s =",30000]
["Sample SD = s","NA"]
["Test Statistic To Use:","z",null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\"Because Sigma Known\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"Because Sigma NOT Known\",\"Please Enter a z or t\")))","v":"Because Sigma Known"}]
["sample size = n",40]
["Sample Mean = Xbar",118000]
["Alpha = a =",{"$f":"C21","v":0.05}]
["Type of Test","Two Tail"]
["SE",{"$f":"B25/SQRT(B28)","v":4743.416490252569},null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\" =Sigma/SQRT(n)\",IF(B27=\"t\",\" =s/SQRT(n)\",IF(OR(B27<>\"z\",B27<>\"t\"),\".\"))))","v":" =Sigma/SQRT(n)"}]
[{"$f":"\"Test Statistic = \"&IF(B27=\"z\",\"z\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"t\",\"\"))&\" =\"","v":"Test Statistic = z ="},{"$f":"(B29-B24)/B32","v":-1.5811388300841898},null," =(Xbar - μ0)/SE",null,"Sample Error in numerator, Standard Deviations in Denominator = \"How Many SD above or below Hypothesized Pop Mean"]
[]
["Step 4: Create p-value Rejection Rule and calculate p-value"]
["Rejection Rule:","p-value*2 <= alpha, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["p-value Two Tail",{"$f":"_xlfn.NORM.S.DIST(B33,1)*2","v":0.11384629800665802},null," =NORM.S.DIST(Lower Z,1)*2"]
[]
["Step 4: Calculate Critical Value and Critical Value Rejection Rule"]
["Rejection Rule:","Lower Critical Value <= Test Statistic <= Upper Critical Value, Fail to Reject H0 , otherwise Reject H0 and accept Ha ."]
["Lower Critical Value",{"$f":"_xlfn.NORM.S.INV(B30)","v":-1.6448536269514726},null," =NORM.S.INV(alpha)"]
["Upper Critical Value",{"$f":"-B41","v":1.6448536269514726},null," =-\"Lower Critical Value\"",null,null,"Curve is symmetric"]
[]
["Step 5: Write Conclusion"]
[{"$f":"\"Because the p-value of \"&ROUND(B37,4)&\" is greater than our alpha \"&B30&\" we Fail To Reject H0.\"","v":"Because the p-value of 0.1138 is greater than our alpha 0.05 we Fail To Reject H0."}]
[{"$f":"\"Because the Test Statistic of \"&ROUND(B33,3)&\" is between \"&ROUND(B41,3)&\" and \"&ROUND(B42,3)&\", we Fail To Reject H0.\"","v":"Because the Test Statistic of -1.581 is between -1.645 and 1.645, we Fail To Reject H0."}]
[{"$f":"\"The sample evidence suggests that the mean year end bonus is not significantly different from the Wall Street Year Mean Bonus reported in 2006.\"","v":"The sample evidence suggests that the mean year end bonus is not significantly different from the Wall Street Year Mean Bonus reported in 2006."}]
[{"$f":"\"At an alpha risk of \"&B30&\", our sample mean of \"&DOLLAR(B29,0)&\" Does NOT provided statistically significant evidence to suggest\"","v":"At an alpha risk of 0.05, our sample mean of $118,000 Does NOT provided statistically significant evidence to suggest"}]
[{"$f":"\"that the mean year end bonus is different from \"&DOLLAR(B24,0)&\".\"","v":"that the mean year end bonus is different from $125,500."}]
["We did have the Type 2 Error risk of saying that the year end bonus was not different from the year end bonus of Wall Street, when in fact it was.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Negative, we rejected the alternative even though null was false."]

{"sheet":"(28)","index":11,"n_rows":53,"n_cols":14,"rows_kept":53,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Mew = population mean = μ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Left"]
["Sigma = population standard deviation = s",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Right"]
["Standard Error = Standard Deviation for the Sampling distribution of Xbar = SE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Two Tail"]
["Hypothesized Value of Population Mean = μ0 = Assumed Value of Population Mean used for testing procedure"]
["sample size = n"]
["Sample Mean = Xbar"]
["Sample Standard Deviation (for when sigma not known) = s"]
["Alpha = a = Risk of rejecting H0 when it is actually true = Type 1 Error"]
["Test Statistic = Used to determine whether to reject H0 and accept Ha = Number of SE above or below hypothesized mean"]
["Use z test statistic if Sigma known or can be estimated, or you are significance Testing a Proportion al all 4 binomial tests have been met"]
["Use t test statistic if Sigma NOT known or can be estimated"]
[]
["Hypothesis Test (Significance Test)"]
["Point of view:","People who challenge the shareholder group"]
["Considering:","Whether claim that the mean tenure for CEO >= 9 Years is reasonable (if pop mean is really less than)",null,null,null,null,null,null," <<<< ==== One Tail to left"]
["Goal:","Run test to see if test statistic ends up significantly on low end"]
[]
["Step 1: List H0 and Ha","H0 : μ"," >=",{"$f":"$B$24","v":9},{"$f":"$C$24","v":"years (Mean CEO tenure) "}]
[null,"Ha : μ"," <",{"$f":"$B$24","v":9},{"$f":"$C$24","v":"years (Mean CEO tenure) "}]
[]
["Step 2: Select Alpha","Alpha =",0.01]
[]
["Step 3: Draw Picture, Collect Data, Calculate Sample Statistics, Calculate Test Statistic"]
["Hypothesized Mean = μ0 =",9,"years (Mean CEO tenure) "]
["Sigma = s =","NA"]
["Sample SD = s",6.38,"years (Mean CEO tenure) ",null,null,"From WSJ Survey"]
["Test Statistic To Use:","t",null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\"Because Sigma Known\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"Because Sigma NOT Known\",\"Please Enter a z or t\")))","v":"Because Sigma NOT Known"}]
["sample size = n",85]
["df",{"$f":"B28-1","v":84}]
["Sample Mean = Xbar",7.27,"years (Mean CEO tenure) ",null,null,"From WSJ Survey"]
["Alpha = a =",{"$f":"C21","v":0.01}]
["Type of Test","One Tail To Left"]
["SE",{"$f":"B26/SQRT(B28)","v":0.69200816044151314},null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\" =Sigma/SQRT(n)\",IF(B27=\"t\",\" =s/SQRT(n)\",IF(OR(B27<>\"z\",B27<>\"t\"),\".\"))))","v":" =s/SQRT(n)"}]
[{"$f":"\"Test Statistic = \"&IF(B27=\"z\",\"z\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"t\",\"\"))&\" =\"","v":"Test Statistic = t ="},{"$f":"(B30-B24)/B33","v":-2.4999705189838086},null," =(Xbar - μ0)/SE",null,"Sample Error in numerator, Standard Deviations in Denominator = \"How Many SD above or below Hypothesized Pop Mean"]
[]
["Step 4: Create p-value Rejection Rule and calculate p-value"]
["Rejection Rule:","p-value <= alpha, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["p-value One Tail To Left",{"$f":"_xlfn.T.DIST(B34,B29,1)","v":7.1825450423230316E-3},null," =T.DIST(t,df,1)"]
[]
["Step 4: Calculate Critical Value and Critical Value Rejection Rule"]
["Rejection Rule:","Test Statistic <= Critical Value, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["Critical Value One Tail To Left",{"$f":"_xlfn.T.INV(B31,B29)","v":-2.3715636858818607},null," =T.INV(alpha,df)"]
[]
[]
["Step 5: Write Conclusion"]
[{"$f":"\"Because the p-value of \"&ROUND(B38,4)&\" is less than our alpha \"&B31&\" we reject the H0 and accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the p-value of 0.0072 is less than our alpha 0.01 we reject the H0 and accept Ha."}]
[{"$f":"\"Because the Test Statistic of \"&ROUND(B34,3)&\" is less than or equal to our Critical Value of \"&ROUND(B42,3)&\" we reject the H0 and accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the Test Statistic of -2.5 is less than or equal to our Critical Value of -2.372 we reject the H0 and accept Ha."}]
[{"$f":"\"The sample evidence suggests that the mean tenure for CEOs is less that \"&B24&\" years.\"","v":"The sample evidence suggests that the mean tenure for CEOs is less that 9 years."}]
[{"$f":"\"At an alpha risk of \"&B31&\", our sample mean of \"&B30&\" provided statistically significant evidence to suggest\"","v":"At an alpha risk of 0.01, our sample mean of 7.27 provided statistically significant evidence to suggest"}]
[{"$f":"\"that the mean years worked by a CEO is less than \"&B24&\" years.\"","v":"that the mean years worked by a CEO is less than 9 years."}]
[{"$f":"\"We do run risk of the type 1 Error where we might dispense information that says that the sample\"","v":"We do run risk of the type 1 Error where we might dispense information that says that the sample"},null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Positive, we took alternative even when null was true."]
[{"$f":"\"mean is less than \"&B24&\" years, when it is not.\"","v":"mean is less than 9 years, when it is not."}]
[{"$f":"\"We do run risk of the type 2 Error where we might say it is not less than \"&DOLLAR(B24,0)&\", even though it is.\"","v":"We do run risk of the type 2 Error where we might say it is not less than $9, even though it is."},null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Negative, we rejected the alternative even though null was false."]

{"sheet":"(32)","index":12,"n_rows":51,"n_cols":16,"rows_kept":51,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Sale Price",null,"Mew = population mean = μ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Left"]
[12400,null,"Sigma = population standard deviation = s",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Right"]
[10400,null,"Standard Error = Standard Deviation for the Sampling distribution of Xbar = SE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Two Tail"]
[12100,null,"Hypothesized Value of Population Mean = μ0 = Assumed Value of Population Mean used for testing procedure"]
[10000,null,"sample size = n"]
[11000,null,"Sample Mean = Xbar"]
[8895,null,"Sample Standard Deviation (for when sigma not known) = s"]
[7675,null,"Alpha = a = Risk of rejecting H0 when it is actually true = Type 1 Error"]
[9975,null,"Test Statistic = Used to determine whether to reject H0 and accept Ha = Number of SE above or below hypothesized mean"]
[6350,null,"Use z test statistic if Sigma known or can be estimated, or you are significance Testing a Proportion al all 4 binomial tests have been met"]
[10470,null,"Use t test statistic if Sigma NOT known or can be estimated"]
[9895]
[11250,null,"Hypothesis Test (Significance Test)"]
[8795,null,"Point of view:","Kansas City Used Car Dealership"]
[12500,null,"Considering:","Whether their mean price is different from national mean",null,null,null,null,null,"Two-Tail Test"]
[9340,null,"Goal:","Determine whether the pop mean price for used cars at Kansas City Used Car Dealership is different from national mean"]
[10150]
[9200,null,"Step 1: List H0 and Ha","H0 : μ"," =",{"$f":"D$24","v":10192},{"$f":"E$24","v":"National Mean Price for used car"}]
[9395,null,null,"Ha : μ"," <>",{"$f":"D$24","v":10192},{"$f":"E$24","v":"National Mean Price for used car"},null,null,"Not Equal to is <>"]
[11000]
[10640,null,"Step 2: Select Alpha","Alpha =",0.05]
[10000]
[7500,null,"Step 3: Draw Picture, Collect Data, Calculate Sample Statistics, Calculate Test Statistic"]
[8000,null,"Hypothesized Mean = μ0 =",10192,"National Mean Price for used car",null,null,null,"From National Auto Dealers Association"]
[10440,null,"Sigma = s =","NA"]
[10200,null,"Sample SD = s",{"$f":"_xlfn.STDEV.S(A2:A51)","v":1399.9989067051124}]
[10300,null,"Test Statistic To Use:","t",null,{"$f":"IF(D27=\"\",\"\",IF(D27=\"z\",\"Because Sigma Known\",IF(D27=\"t\",\"Because Sigma NOT Known\",\"Please Enter a z or t\")))","v":"Because Sigma NOT Known"}]
[9740,null,"sample size = n",{"$f":"COUNT(A2:A51)","v":50}]
[9280,null,"df",{"$f":"D28-1","v":49}]
[10930,null,"Sample Mean = Xbar",{"$f":"AVERAGE(A2:A51)","v":9750}]
[8000,null,"Alpha = a =",{"$f":"E21","v":0.05}]
[9000,null,"Type of Test","Two Tail"]
[7680,null,"SE",{"$f":"D26/SQRT(D28)","v":197.98974411698754},null,{"$f":"IF(D27=\"\",\"\",IF(D27=\"z\",\" =Sigma/SQRT(n)\",IF(D27=\"t\",\" =s/SQRT(n)\",IF(OR(D27<>\"z\",D27<>\"t\"),\".\"))))","v":" =s/SQRT(n)"}]
[9400,null,{"$f":"\"Test Statistic = \"&IF(D27=\"z\",\"z\",IF(D27=\"t\",\"t\",\"\"))&\" =\"","v":"Test Statistic = t ="},{"$f":"(D30-D24)/D33","v":-2.2324388668275286},null," =(Xbar - μ0)/SE",null,"Sample Error in numerator, Standard Deviations in Denominator = \"How Many SD above or below Hypothesized Pop Mean"]
[10730]
[7350,null,"Step 4: Create p-value Rejection Rule and calculate p-value"]
[12240,null,"Rejection Rule:","p-value*2 <= alpha, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
[11970,null,"p-value Two Tail",{"$f":"_xlfn.T.DIST.2T(-D34,D29)","v":3.0188690650071084E-2},null," =T.DIST.2T(upper t,df)"]
[8240,null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.T.DIST(D34,D29,1)*2","v":3.0188690650071084E-2},null," =T.DIST(lower t,df,1)*2"]
[9910,null,"Step 4: Calculate Critical Value and Critical Value Rejection Rule"]
[10080,null,"Rejection Rule:","If Test Statistic is between the two critical values, Fail To Reject Ho, otherwise Reject H0 and Accept Ha."]
[9440,null,"Lower Critical Value",{"$f":"_xlfn.T.INV(D31/2,D29)","v":-2.0095752371292388},null," =T.INV(alpha/2,df)",null,"or",{"$f":"-I43","v":-2.0095752371292388}," =-T.INV.2T(alpha,df)"]
[8970,null,"Upper Critical Value",{"$f":"_xlfn.T.INV(1-D31/2,D29)","v":2.0095752371292388},null," =T.INV(1-alpha/2,df)",null,"or",{"$f":"_xlfn.T.INV.2T(D31,D29)","v":2.0095752371292388}," =T.INV.2T(alpha,df)"]
[9500]
[10050,null,"Step 5: Write Conclusion"]
[10130,null,{"$f":"\"Because the p-value of \"&ROUND(D39,4)&\" is less than or equal to our alpha \"&D31&\" we Reject H0, and Accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the p-value of 0.0302 is less than or equal to our alpha 0.05 we Reject H0, and Accept Ha."}]
[11400,null,{"$f":"\"Because the Test Statistic of \"&ROUND(D34,3)&\" is outside the range \"&ROUND(D42,3)&\" and \"&ROUND(D43,3)&\", weReject H0, and Accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the Test Statistic of -2.232 is outside the range -2.01 and 2.01, weReject H0, and Accept Ha."}]
[8500,null,{"$f":"\"The sample evidence suggests that the mean used car auto price at the Kansas City Used Car Dealer is significantly different from the national average.\"","v":"The sample evidence suggests that the mean used car auto price at the Kansas City Used Car Dealer is significantly different from the national average."}]
[7500,null,{"$f":"\"At an alpha risk of \"&D31&\", our sample mean of \"&DOLLAR(D30,0)&\" provides statistically significant evidence to suggest\"","v":"At an alpha risk of 0.05, our sample mean of $9,750 provides statistically significant evidence to suggest"}]
[9090,null,{"$f":"\"that the mean used car auto price at the Kansas City Used Car Dealer is significantly different from the national average, \"&DOLLAR(D24,0)&\".\"","v":"that the mean used car auto price at the Kansas City Used Car Dealer is significantly different from the national average, $10,192."}]
[10500,null,"We run the risk of a Type 1 error is saying that the mean auto price at the Kansas City Dealer is different from the national average, when it is not.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Positive, We risk accepting Ha, when Ho was true"]

{"sheet":"(33)","index":13,"n_rows":51,"n_cols":14,"rows_kept":51,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Mew = population mean = μ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Left"]
["Sigma = population standard deviation = s",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"One Tail To Right"]
["Standard Error = Standard Deviation for the Sampling distribution of Xbar = SE",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Two Tail"]
["Hypothesized Value of Population Mean = μ0 = Assumed Value of Population Mean used for testing procedure"]
["sample size = n"]
["Sample Mean = Xbar"]
["Sample Standard Deviation (for when sigma not known) = s"]
["Alpha = a = Risk of rejecting H0 when it is actually true = Type 1 Error"]
["Test Statistic = Used to determine whether to reject H0 and accept Ha = Number of SE above or below hypothesized mean"]
["Use z test statistic if Sigma known or can be estimated, or you are significance Testing a Proportion al all 4 binomial tests have been met"]
["Use t test statistic if Sigma NOT known or can be estimated"]
[]
["Hypothesis Test (Significance Test)"]
["Point of view:","Midwesterner who believes the town of Webster City drinks more milk than the National Average."]
["Considering:","Whether sample evidence suggest that the mean milk consumed in Webster City is more than National average."]
["Goal:","Run test to support opinion that the mean milk consumed in Webster City is more than National average.",null,null,null,null,null,"Two Tail"]
[]
["Step 1: List H0 and Ha","H0 : μ"," <=",{"$f":"B$24","v":21.6},"gallons of milk consumed annually."]
[null,"Ha : μ"," >",21.6,"gallons of milk consumed annually."]
[]
["Step 2: Select Alpha","Alpha =",0.05]
[]
["Step 3: Draw Picture, Collect Data, Calculate Sample Statistics, Calculate Test Statistic"]
["Hypothesized Mean = μ0 =",21.6,"gallons of milk consumed annually."]
["Sigma = s =","NA"]
["Sample SD = s",4.87,{"$f":"C24","v":"gallons of milk consumed annually."}]
["Test Statistic To Use:","t",null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\"Because Sigma Known\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"Because Sigma NOT Known\",\"Please Enter a z or t\")))","v":"Because Sigma NOT Known"}]
["sample size = n",16]
["df",{"$f":"B28-1","v":15},null,"b"]
["Sample Mean = Xbar",24.1,null,{"$f":"\"Point estimate of difference is\"&\" \"&B30&\"-\"&B24&\" = \"&B30-B24&\" gal.\"","v":"Point estimate of difference is 24.1-21.6 = 2.5 gal."}]
["Alpha = a =",{"$f":"C21","v":0.05}]
["Type of Test","One Tail To Right"]
["SE",{"$f":"B26/SQRT(B28)","v":1.2175},null,{"$f":"IF(B27=\"\",\"\",IF(B27=\"z\",\" =Sigma/SQRT(n)\",IF(B27=\"t\",\" =s/SQRT(n)\",IF(OR(B27<>\"z\",B27<>\"t\"),\".\"))))","v":" =s/SQRT(n)"}]
[{"$f":"\"Test Statistic = \"&IF(B27=\"z\",\"z\",IF(B27=\"t\",\"t\",\"\"))&\" =\"","v":"Test Statistic = t ="},{"$f":"(B30-B24)/B33","v":2.0533880903490758},null," =(Xbar - μ0)/SE",null,"Sample Error in numerator, Standard Deviations in Denominator = \"How Many SD above or below Hypothesized Pop Mean"]
[]
["Step 4: Create p-value Rejection Rule and calculate p-value"]
["Rejection Rule:","p-value <= alpha, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["p-value One Tail To Right",{"$f":"1-_xlfn.T.DIST(B34,B29,1)","v":2.8950140645439326E-2},null," =1-T.DIST(t,df,1)",null,{"$f":"_xlfn.T.DIST.RT(B34,B29)","v":2.8950140645439288E-2}," =T.DIST.RT(B34,B29)"]
[]
["Step 4: Calculate Critical Value and Critical Value Rejection Rule"]
["Rejection Rule:","Test Statistic >= Critical Value, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["Critical Value One Tail To Right",{"$f":"_xlfn.T.INV(1-B31,B29)","v":1.7530503556925723}]
[]
[]
["Step 5: Write Conclusion"]
[{"$f":"\"Because the p-value of \"&ROUND(B38,4)&\" is less than our alpha \"&B31&\" we reject the H0 and accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the p-value of 0.029 is less than our alpha 0.05 we reject the H0 and accept Ha."}]
[{"$f":"\"Because the Test Statistic of \"&ROUND(B34,3)&\" is greater than or equal to our Critical Value of \"&ROUND(B42,3)&\" we reject the H0 and accept Ha.\"","v":"Because the Test Statistic of 2.053 is greater than or equal to our Critical Value of 1.753 we reject the H0 and accept Ha."}]
[{"$f":"\"The sample evidence suggests that the mean number of gallons of milk consumed each year in Webster City is significantly more than the national average of, \"&B24&\".\"","v":"The sample evidence suggests that the mean number of gallons of milk consumed each year in Webster City is significantly more than the national average of, 21.6."}]
[{"$f":"\"At an alpha risk of \"&B31&\", our sample mean of \"&B30&\" provided statistically significant evidence to suggest\"","v":"At an alpha risk of 0.05, our sample mean of 24.1 provided statistically significant evidence to suggest"}]
[{"$f":"\" that the mean number of gallons of milk consumed each year in Webster City is significantly more than the national average of, \"&B24&\" gallons.\"","v":" that the mean number of gallons of milk consumed each year in Webster City is significantly more than the national average of, 21.6 gallons."}]
["We did have the Type 1 Error risk of saying that the mean number of gallons consumed in Webster City was more than the national average, when it was not.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"False Positive: Select Ha, when H0 was true. H0 was innocent, but we said it was guilty."]

{"sheet":"(43)","index":14,"n_rows":101,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":101,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Used Coupon?",null,"Binomial?"]
["No",null,"Fixed Number of Trials?","Yes"]
["No",null,"Prob stays same each time","Yes","Yes or No"]
["No",null,"Trials are independent","Yes","(randomly selected and not all grouped together by similar traits)"]
["Yes",null,"Each Trial result in success or not success","Yes","Yes or No"]
["No",null,"Assume True: n*p >= 5",{"$f":"D15*D10","v":10},{"$f":"IF(D6>=5,\"Yes\",\"No\")","v":"Yes"}]
["No",null,"Assume True: n*(1-p) >= 5",{"$f":"D15*(1-D10)","v":90},"Yes"]
["Yes",null,"Success =","Yes","Used Coupon"]
["No",null,"Not Success","No","Not Used Coupon"]
["No",null,"Hypothesized Pop Proportion = p0 =",0.1,"use coupon"]
["No",null,"Point of view:","Eagle Outfitters tests its Credit Card Customers to see if coupon gets more than 10% use."]
["No",null,"Goal:","Test to see if there is significantly more than 10% use of Coupon from store's Credit Card"]
["No",null,null,"Users, before going national with coupon"]
["No",null,"Test:"," >>>>>>> 1 tail to right"]
["No",null,"n = credit card customers",{"$f":"COUNTA(A2:A101)","v":100},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=COUNTA(A2:A101)"},"Relative Frequency from Chapter 2"]
["No",null,{"$f":"\"Count for \"&D8","v":"Count for Yes"},{"$f":"COUNTIF($A$2:$A$101,D8)","v":13},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=COUNTIF($A$2:$A$101,D8)"},"Relative Frequency from Chapter 2"]
["No",null,{"$f":"\"Count for \"&D9","v":"Count for No"},{"$f":"COUNTIF($A$2:$A$101,D9)","v":87},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=COUNTIF($A$2:$A$101,D9)"}]
["No",null,{"$f":"\"Prob(\"&D8&\")\"","v":"Prob(Yes)"},{"$f":"D16/$D$15","v":0.13},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=D16/$D$15"}]
["No",null,{"$f":"\"Prob(\"&D9&\")\"","v":"Prob(No)"},{"$f":"D17/$D$15","v":0.87},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=D17/$D$15"}]
["No"]
["No",null,"Step 1:"]
["No",null,"H0 : p"," <=",{"$f":"$D$10","v":0.1}]
["No",null,"Ha : p"," >",0.1]
["No"]
["No",null,"Step 2:","alpha",0.05]
["Yes"]
["No",null,"Step 3: Draw Picture, Collect Data, Calculate Sample Statistics, Calculate Test Statistic"]
["No",null,{"$f":"C18&\" = Pbar =\"","v":"Prob(Yes) = Pbar ="},{"$f":"D18","v":0.13}]
["Yes",null,"SE",{"$f":"SQRT(D10*(1-D10)/D15)","v":3.0000000000000002E-2},null," =SQRT(p0*(1-p0)/n)"]
["No",null,"Test Statistic = z",{"$f":"(D28-D10)/D29","v":0.99999999999999989},null," =(Pbar - p0)/SE"]
["No"]
["No",null,"Step 4: Create p-value Rejection Rule and calculate p-value"]
["No",null,"Rejection Rule:","p-value <= alpha, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["No",null,"p-value One Tail To Right",{"$f":"1-_xlfn.NORM.S.DIST(D30,1)","v":0.15865525393145719},null," =1-NORM.S.DIST(z,1)"]
["No"]
["No",null,"Step 4: Calculate Critical Value and Critical Value Rejection Rule"]
["No",null,"Rejection Rule:","Test Statistic >= Critical Value, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["Yes",null,"Critical Value One Tail To Right",{"$f":"_xlfn.NORM.S.INV(1-E25)","v":1.6448536269514715},null," =1-NORM.S.DIST(alpha,1)"]
["No"]
["No",null,"Step 5: Write Conclusion"]
["No",null,"Because the p-value of 0.1587 is bigger than an our alpha of 0.05, we fail to reject H0."]
["No",null,"Because our test statistic, 1, is less than our critical value, 1.645, we fail to reject H0."]
["No",null,"At an alpha of 0.05, our sample proportion of 0.13 does not provide statistically significant evidence to support the idea that the coupon would be"]
["No",null,"used at a rate of more than 0.10."]
["No",null,"We do run a risk of a Type 2 error where we say that the coupon will not be used at a rate more than 0.10, when in fact it would. (False Negative"]
["No",null,"(reject Ha when H0 was false))"]
["No",null,"Maybe managers would want to try a larger sample, given that pbar was 0.13."]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["Yes"]
["Yes"]
["No"]
["Yes"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["Yes"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["Yes"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["Yes"]
["No"]
["Yes"]
["Yes"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]
["No"]

{"sheet":"(44)","index":15,"n_rows":401,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":401,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Drive While Drowsy?",null,"Binomial?"]
["No",null,"Fixed Number of Trials?","Yes"]
["Yes",null,"Prob stays same each time","Yes","Yes or No"]
["No",null,"Trials are independent","Yes","(randomly selected and not all grouped together by similar triats)"]
["No",null,"Each Trial result in success or not success","Yes","Yes or No"]
["Yes",null,"Assume True: n*p >= 5",{"$f":"D15*D10","v":204},{"$f":"IF(D6>=5,\"Yes\",\"No\")","v":"Yes"}]
["Yes",null,"Assume True: n*(1-p) >= 5",{"$f":"D15*(1-D10)","v":196},"Yes"]
["Yes",null,"Success =","Yes","Drive Drowsy"]
["Yes",null,"Not Success","No","Don't Drive Drowsy"]
["No",null,"Hypothesized Pop Proportion = p0 =",0.51]
["Yes",null,"Point of view:","Researcher wants to show that proportion is higher for night workers"]
["Yes",null,"Goal:","Run test to show if the proportion of drowsy drivers is higher for night drivers"]
["No",null,null,"than for drivers overall"]
["No",null,"Test:"," >>>>>>> 1 tail to right"]
["Yes",null,"n = credit card customers",{"$f":"COUNTA($A$2:$A$401)","v":400},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=COUNTA($A$2:$A$401)"},null,null,"Relative Frequency from Chapetr 2"]
["Yes",null,{"$f":"\"Count for \"&D8","v":"Count for Yes"},{"$f":"COUNTIF($A$2:$A$401,D8)","v":232},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=COUNTIF($A$2:$A$401,D8)"},null,null,"Relative Frequency from Chapetr 2"]
["No",null,{"$f":"\"Count for \"&D9","v":"Count for No"},{"$f":"COUNTIF($A$2:$A$401,D9)","v":168},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=COUNTIF($A$2:$A$401,D9)"}]
["Yes",null,{"$f":"\"Prob(\"&D8&\")\"","v":"Prob(Yes)"},{"$f":"D16/$D$15","v":0.57999999999999996},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=D16/$D$15"}]
["No",null,{"$f":"\"Prob(\"&D9&\")\"","v":"Prob(No)"},{"$f":"D17/$D$15","v":0.42},null,{"$f":"ShowFormula","v":"=D17/$D$15"}]
["No"]
["Yes",null,"Step 1:"]
["Yes",null,"H0 : p"," <=",{"$f":"$D$10","v":0.51}]
["No",null,"Ha : p"," >",0.51]
["Yes"]
["Yes",null,"Step 2:","alpha",0.01]
["No"]
["Yes",null,"Step 3: Draw Picture, Collect Data, Calculate Sample Statistics, Calculate Test Statistic"]
["Yes",null,{"$f":"C18&\" = Pbar =\"","v":"Prob(Yes) = Pbar ="},{"$f":"D18","v":0.57999999999999996}]
["Yes",null,"SE",{"$f":"SQRT(D10*(1-D10)/D15)","v":2.4994999499899976E-2},null," =SQRT(p0*(1-p0)/n)"]
["Yes",null,"Test Statistic = z",{"$f":"(D28-D10)/D29","v":2.8005601680560175},null," =(Pbar - p0)/SE"]
["No"]
["No",null,"Step 4: Create p-value Rejection Rule and calculate p-value"]
["Yes",null,"Rejection Rule:","p-value <= alpha, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["Yes",null,"p-value One Tail To Right",{"$f":"1-_xlfn.NORM.S.DIST(D30,1)","v":2.5506998230024891E-3},null," =1-NORM.S.DIST(z,1)"]
["No"]
["No",null,"Step 4: Calculate Critical Value and Critical Value Rejection Rule"]
["No",null,"Rejection Rule:","Test Statistic >= Critical Value, Reject H0 and accept Ha , otherwise Fail to Reject H0"]
["Yes",null,"Critical Value One Tail To Right",{"$f":"_xlfn.NORM.S.INV(1-E25)","v":2.3263478740408408},null," =1-NORM.S.DIST(alpha,1)"]
["Yes"]
["Yes",null,"Step 5: Write Conclusion"]
["No",null,"Because of p-value of .0026 is less than or equal to our alpha of 0.01, we reject H0 and accept Ha."]
["No",null,"Because of test statistic of 2.8 is beyond the critical value of 2.33, we reject H0 and accept Ha."]
["Yes",null,"The sample evidence strongly suggests that the proportion of night workers who say they drive while drowsy is higher than the"]
["No",null,"proportion of all drivers who tsay that they drive drowsy, 0.51."]
["Yes",null,"We do run the Type 1 Error risk of saying that the proportion of night workers who say that they drive drowsy is higher than"]
["No",null,"the proportion of all drivers who say they drive drowsy, when that is not true."]
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["Drive While Drowsy?"]
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